Difference between revisions of "Stone of Destiny"
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| − | [[Image:StoneofDestiny. | + | [[Image:StoneofDestiny.png|thumb|360px|The Stone of Destiny]] |
| + | [[Image:StoneofDestiny2.png|thumb|250px|The Stone of Destiny communes with Macbeth, David Xanatos, Arthur Pendragon, and Peredur fab Ragnal.]] | ||
| − | The '''Stone of Destiny''' (also known as '''Jacob's Pillow''', the Hebrews' '''Sacred Stone''', the '''Lia | + | The '''Stone of Destiny''' (also known as '''Jacob's Pillow''', the Hebrews' '''Sacred Stone''', the '''Lia Fáil''' and the '''Stone of Scone''') is a great stone upon which the Kings of [[Scotland]] were traditionally crowned. |
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | According to legend, the Stone of Destiny was used by [[Jacob]] as a pillow when he camped at [[Bethel]], while fleeing from [[Esau]] after tricking the latter out of his birthright; as he slept, he had a vision of stairs leading up to Heaven and [[angel | + | According to legend, the Stone of Destiny was used by [[Jacob]] as a pillow when he camped at [[Bethel]], while fleeing from [[Esau]] after tricking the latter out of his birthright; as he slept, he had a vision of stairs leading up to Heaven and [[angel]]s ascending and descending. The stone became a sacred object to the Hebrews, and entered their keeping until the time of the [[Exodus]], when [[Moses]] entrusted it to the Athenian prince [[Gathelus]] and his wife [[Scota]], urging them to flee [[Egypt]] in order to escape the Ten Plagues. They took the Stone with them on their various journeys, first to [[Samothrace]], then [[Portugal]] (where Gathelus died), and finally [[Ireland]], where Scota was slain in battle with the inhabitants; her eldest son, [[Eremon]], was crowned upon the Stone at [[Tara]]. ''([[The Rock|"The Rock"]])'' |
| − | An alternate version of the story claims that Moses and the Hebrews kept the Stone during the | + | An alternate version of the story claims that Moses and the Hebrews kept the Stone during the Exodus, and that it was the very stone that Moses struck to provide the Hebrews with water when they were thirsty. Many centuries later, the prophet [[Jeremiah]] and Princess [[Tamar Tea Tephi]] of Judah brought the Stone with them to Ireland, where Jeremiah gave it to King [[Eochaid]] as Tamar's dowry. Eochaid set up the Stone at Tara and called it the Lia Fáil. The true nature of the Stone of Destiny (see below) suggests that these stories are not mutually exclusive. ''([[Rock and Roll|"Rock & Roll"]])'' |
| − | A few centuries later, [[Cu Chullain]] angrily split the Lia | + | A few centuries later, [[Cu Chullain]] angrily split the Lia Fáil in half after it refused to acknowledge his friend, [[Lugaid Red-Stripe]], as King of Ireland. Around the year [[Timeline#Before 994|500]], the Irish prince [[Fergus]] took one half of the Stone with him to Scotland to found the kingdom of [[Dalriada]], but during his journey, was brought to [[Castle Carbonek]], where he met [[Merlin]] and [[Pelles|King Pelles]]. They persuaded him to lend them the Stone, which they took to [[London]]town; there, the young [[King Arthur Pendragon|Arthur Pendragon]] drew [[Excalibur]] from it and was crowned High King of Britain. ''("Rock & Roll")'' |
| − | After Arthur's coronation, Merlin and Pelles returned the Stone to [[Iona]]; [[Saint Columba|St. Columba]] died there resting his head upon the Stone. In 843, [[Kenneth mac Alpin]] was crowned upon the Stone at [[Scone]] as the first King of Scotland; thereafter, the Stone was used for the coronation of every new king of Scotland (including [[Constantine III]] and [[Macbeth]]) until [[1296]], it was captured by King [[Edward I]] of [[England]] (1272-1307) in his invasion of Scotland, and removed to [[Westminster Abbey]] in [[London]], where it was placed underneath the Coronation Chair. After the [[Battle of Bannockburn]], [[Robert the Bruce]] gave a piece of it to his Irish ally, [[Cormac Maccarthy]], who took it back home with him; it became the [[Blarney Stone]]. In | + | After Arthur's coronation, Merlin and Pelles returned the Stone to [[Iona]]; [[Saint Columba|St. Columba]] died there resting his head upon the Stone. In 843, [[Kenneth mac Alpin]] was crowned upon the Stone at [[Scone]] as the first King of Scotland; thereafter, the Stone was used for the coronation of every new king of Scotland (including [[Indulf]], [[Kenneth II]], [[Constantine III]], and [[Macbeth]]) until [[Timeline#995-1994|1296]], it was captured by King [[Edward I]] of [[England]] (1272-1307) in his invasion of Scotland, and removed to [[Westminster Abbey]] in [[London]], where it was placed underneath the Coronation Chair. After the [[Battle of Bannockburn]], [[Robert the Bruce]] gave a piece of it to his Irish ally, [[Cormac Maccarthy]], who took it back home with him; it became the [[Blarney Stone]]. In 1950, on Christmas Day, a group of Scottish patriots, including Macbeth, stole the Stone from Westminster Abbey, but inadvertently broke it in half in the process. They took it to [[Arbroath Abbey]], where Macbeth tried mending it, only to be told by the Stone that while it appreciated his care about the damage, the overall act of seizure was pointless. Soon afterwards, the Stone was returned to Westminster Abbey. ''([[Avalon Part One|"Avalon" Part One]], "The Rock", "Rock & Roll", [[The Reach|"The Reach"]], [[The Oath|"The Oath"]])'' |
| − | When King Arthur came to London in early [[1996]], following his awakening upon [[Avalon]], he and [[Griff]] encountered the Stone of Destiny at Westminster Abbey. The Stone spoke, telling Arthur that he must prove himself once more worthy of Excalibur, and sent him and Griff to [[New York]] for that task. ''( | + | When King Arthur came to London in early [[Timeline#1996|1996]], following his awakening upon [[Avalon]], he and [[Griff]] encountered the Stone of Destiny at Westminster Abbey. The Stone spoke, telling Arthur that he must prove himself once more worthy of Excalibur, and [[Harmonic Convergence|sent]] him and Griff to [[New York City]] for that task. ''([[Pendragon|"Pendragon"]])'' |
| − | Later that year, in November, the Stone was officially returned to Scotland. The [[Illuminati]] instructed [[David Xanatos|Xanatos]] to steal the Stone for them; Xanatos recruited [[Coldsteel]] to assist him, teaming him up with [[Coyote (robot)|Coyote 5.]], a [[Steel Clan]] robot, and an [[Iron Clan]] robot. Macbeth and King Arthur sought to foil Xanatos, with the aid of [[Hudson]], [[Lexington]], Griff, [[Constance]], [[Staghart]], [[Coldstone]] and [[Coldfire]]. While they defeated Xanatos's agents, Xanatos stole the Stone at Coldstream Bridge, substituting a duplicate stone. He then turned it over to [[Blanchefleur]], who took it to Castle Carbonek to present to [[Peredur]]. There, however, the Stone spoke to Peredur, telling him that the stone was just a mouthpiece for its true nature, the Spirit of Destiny, a force too powerful for any mortal to possess or command. It also informed Peredur and Blanchefleur of Arthur's awakening on Avalon. After Peredur left to inform the upper echelon members of this unexpected development, the Stone and the [[Holy Grail]] exchanged greetings. ''("The Rock", Rock & Roll", "Rock of Ages")'' | + | Later that year, in November, the Stone was officially returned to Scotland. The [[Illuminati]] instructed [[David Xanatos|Xanatos]] to steal the Stone for them; Xanatos recruited [[Coldsteel]] to assist him, teaming him up with [[Coyote (robot)|Coyote 5.0]], a [[Steel Clan]] robot, and an [[Iron Clan]] robot. Macbeth and King Arthur sought to foil Xanatos, with the aid of [[Hudson]], [[Lexington]], Griff, [[Constance]], [[Staghart]], [[Coldstone]], and [[Coldfire]]. While they defeated Xanatos's agents, Xanatos stole the Stone at [[Coldstream Bridge]], substituting a duplicate stone. He then turned it over to [[Fleur|Blanchefleur]], who took it to Castle Carbonek to present to [[Peredur fab Ragnal|Peredur]]. There, however, the Stone spoke to Peredur, telling him that the stone was just a mouthpiece for its true nature, the [[Spirit of Destiny]], a force too powerful for any mortal to possess or command. It also informed Peredur and Blanchefleur of Arthur's awakening on Avalon. After Peredur left to inform the upper echelon members of this unexpected development, the Stone and the [[Holy Grail]] exchanged greetings. ''("The Rock", "Rock & Roll", [[Rock of Ages|"Rock of Ages"]])'' |
| − | ==Real World | + | ==Real World Background== |
| − | The '''Stone of Destiny''', more commonly known as the '''Stone of Scone''', is a real object. Legend claims that it originally came from Ireland, where it was known as the Lia | + | [[Image:RealStoneofDestiny.jpg|thumb|360px|The Stone of Destiny]] |
| + | The '''Stone of Destiny''', more commonly known as the '''Stone of Scone''', is a real object. Legend claims that it originally came from Ireland, where it was known as the Lia Fáil and kept at Tara, the traditional stronghold of the Irish High Kings. It would scream aloud whenever the rightful High King of Ireland stepped upon it. Some legends state that it was first discovered by the legendary King Conn of the Hundred Battles, or that it was brought by the Tuatha Danaan (the Irish faerie-folk) from the city of Falias (one of the four cities that they originally dwelt in before coming to Ireland); others, influenced by Christianity, make it Jacob's pillow-stone at Bethel – as per the account given in "The Rock" – brought to Ireland either by Scota or by an eastern princess named Tea in 585 B.C. (both versions alluded to in the comics). | ||
| − | The Stone of Destiny was removed from Ireland, according to legend, in the early 6th century, when it was loaned to the rulers of Dalriada, a kingdom established by Irish settlers in what is now Argyll, Scotland, who never returned it. They kept it at Iona, their sacred center, until 843, when Kenneth mac Alpin, then King of the Scots of Dalriada, seized control of Scotland from the Picts and became the first King of Scotland. Kenneth then moved the Stone to Scone, where it remained until King Edward I took it to England in 1296. It remained in Westminster Abbey (except for the 1950 theft) until 1996, when it was returned to Scotland. | + | The Stone of Destiny was removed from Ireland, according to legend, in the early 6th century, when it was loaned to the rulers of Dalriada, a kingdom established by Irish settlers in what is now Argyll, Scotland, who never returned it. They kept it at Iona, their sacred center, until 843, when Kenneth mac Alpin, then King of the Scots of Dalriada, seized control of Scotland from the Picts and became the first King of Scotland. Kenneth then moved the Stone to Scone, where it remained until King Edward I took it to England in 1296. It remained in Westminster Abbey (except for the 1950 theft) until 1996, when it was returned to Scotland and kept with the Scottish Crown Jewels in [[Edinburgh Castle]]. |
| + | |||
| + | The Stone will return to Westminster Abbey for the coronation of Charles III, after which there are plans for it to be relocated to Perth by 2024, according to Scotland's First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon. [https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18964905.stone-destiny-return-spiritual-home-perth/][https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-62875378] | ||
The Stone of Scone was indeed part of the coronation ritual of the Kings of Scotland, as per the series. | The Stone of Scone was indeed part of the coronation ritual of the Kings of Scotland, as per the series. | ||
| − | The Stone of Destiny's identification with the very stone that King Arthur pulled his sword from is an invention of the series, although many Arthurian scholars believe that the two stones might be thematically linked. This is the only part of the Stone's legendary history narrated by [[ | + | The Stone of Destiny's identification with the very stone that King Arthur pulled his sword from is an invention of the series, although many Arthurian scholars believe that the two stones might be thematically linked. This is the only part of the Stone's legendary history narrated by [[Shahrizad]] in the comic book which was [[Greg Weisman]]'s invention. |
| + | |||
| + | In its grand speech at the end of "Rock of Ages", the Stone listed its various aliases. Many of these were actual names applied to the Stone over the centuries, but there are a few exceptions. Among these: | ||
| − | + | * The Stone of Mora, upon which the kings of Sweden were crowned until the 15th century. | |
| − | * The Philosopher's Stone, a legendary stone sought by alchemists which could transform lead into gold (and which has received fresh publicity in recent years by being a major part of J. K. Rowling's first Harry Potter novel | + | * The Philosopher's Stone, a legendary stone sought by alchemists which could transform lead into gold (and which has received fresh publicity in recent years by being a major part of J. K. Rowling's first ''Harry Potter'' novel – in the U.K. editions, since the U.S. editions call it the "Sorcerer's Stone"). |
| − | * The Burden of Sisyphus. In Greek mythology, Sisyphus was a cunning king who repeatedly found various ways of cheating death (at one point, tricking the death-god Thanatos into being chained up by him, resulting in a world in which no one could die | + | * The Burden of Sisyphus. In Greek mythology, Sisyphus was a cunning king who repeatedly found various ways of cheating death (at one point, tricking the death-god Thanatos into being chained up by him, resulting in a world in which no one could die – like the [[Emir]]'s imprisoning [[Anubis]] in [[Grief|"Grief"]] – until Ares, the god of war, exasperated with how ridiculous battles had become when nobody could be slain in them, set Thanatos free). When he finally died for good, Hades, the god of the underworld, condemned him to push a mighty boulder up a hill for eternity; whenever Sisyphus almost reached the top of the hill, the boulder would slip from his hands and roll down to the foot of the hill, forcing him to start all over again – thus keeping him too busy to come up with any more schemes for escape. |
*The Pillars of Hercules. In classical times, this was the name given to the Straits of Gibraltar; according to legend, Hercules (or Heracles) had once raised two pillars here when he passed by during one of his labors. | *The Pillars of Hercules. In classical times, this was the name given to the Straits of Gibraltar; according to legend, Hercules (or Heracles) had once raised two pillars here when he passed by during one of his labors. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *The Rock of Gibraltar, which stands at the southernmost tip of Spain, overlooking the Straits of Gibraltar. Its name stems from "Jabal al-Tarik", or the Rock of Tariq, after Tariq ibn Zayid, the leader of the Moors who conquered Spain in 711. The British captured Gibraltar from the Spanish in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession, and have held onto it ever since, despite Spain's attempts to recover it. | ||
*The Rosetta Stone. This stone, covered with three different inscriptions honoring Ptolemy V of Egypt, all written in 196 B.C., was discovered by one of Napoleon's soldiers in Egypt in 1799. Later it was captured by the British, and carried off to Britain, where it was placed in the British Museum (it is still there). The French archaeologist Jean-Francois Champollion used the inscriptions on the Rosetta Stone to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics. | *The Rosetta Stone. This stone, covered with three different inscriptions honoring Ptolemy V of Egypt, all written in 196 B.C., was discovered by one of Napoleon's soldiers in Egypt in 1799. Later it was captured by the British, and carried off to Britain, where it was placed in the British Museum (it is still there). The French archaeologist Jean-Francois Champollion used the inscriptions on the Rosetta Stone to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics. | ||
| − | + | The complete list in order includes: | |
| − | * | + | |
| + | * The [[Spirit of Destiny]] | ||
| + | * The [[Fatal Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Lia Fáil]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Bethel]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Jerusalem]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Egypt]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Samothrace]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Portugal]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone at Tara]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Mora]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone at Iona]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of Scone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone in London]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone in Edinburgh]] | ||
| + | * The [[Blarney Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Coronation Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Hero Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Pillar Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of the Sword]] | ||
| + | * The [[Stone of the Waters]] | ||
| + | * [[Clach-na-cinneamhain]] | ||
| + | * The [[Tanist Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Philosopher's Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Standing Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Cornerstone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Foundation Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Megalith Dance]] | ||
| + | * The [[Burden of Sisyphus]] | ||
| + | * The [[Rock of Gibraltar]] | ||
| + | * The [[Pillars of Hercules]] | ||
| + | * [[Uluru]] | ||
| + | * [[Clach sgàin]] | ||
| + | * Jacob's Pillow <!--There is no article of this. Just a redirect back to this page.--> | ||
| + | * The [[Rosetta Stone]] | ||
| + | * The [[Rune Stone]] | ||
| + | * [[Sire of the Wyrd]] | ||
| + | * The [[Mantle of Fate]] | ||
| + | * The Stone of Destiny | ||
| + | * The [[Rock of Ages]] <!--Evidently this link just takes you to the actual comic issue . . . Don't know if we want to create a new page or just make a redirect like the Jacob's Pillow page, but I figured it was worth pointing out.--> | ||
==Production Background== | ==Production Background== | ||
'''Voice Actor:''' [[Frank Welker]] | '''Voice Actor:''' [[Frank Welker]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See Also== | ||
| + | *{{wikipedia|Stone_of_Scone}} | ||
[[Category:Canon]] | [[Category:Canon]] | ||
| Line 45: | Line 95: | ||
[[Category:Objects]] | [[Category:Objects]] | ||
[[Category:Real world]] | [[Category:Real world]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Characters voiced by Frank Welker]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:14, 3 September 2024
The Stone of Destiny (also known as Jacob's Pillow, the Hebrews' Sacred Stone, the Lia Fáil and the Stone of Scone) is a great stone upon which the Kings of Scotland were traditionally crowned.
History
According to legend, the Stone of Destiny was used by Jacob as a pillow when he camped at Bethel, while fleeing from Esau after tricking the latter out of his birthright; as he slept, he had a vision of stairs leading up to Heaven and angels ascending and descending. The stone became a sacred object to the Hebrews, and entered their keeping until the time of the Exodus, when Moses entrusted it to the Athenian prince Gathelus and his wife Scota, urging them to flee Egypt in order to escape the Ten Plagues. They took the Stone with them on their various journeys, first to Samothrace, then Portugal (where Gathelus died), and finally Ireland, where Scota was slain in battle with the inhabitants; her eldest son, Eremon, was crowned upon the Stone at Tara. ("The Rock")
An alternate version of the story claims that Moses and the Hebrews kept the Stone during the Exodus, and that it was the very stone that Moses struck to provide the Hebrews with water when they were thirsty. Many centuries later, the prophet Jeremiah and Princess Tamar Tea Tephi of Judah brought the Stone with them to Ireland, where Jeremiah gave it to King Eochaid as Tamar's dowry. Eochaid set up the Stone at Tara and called it the Lia Fáil. The true nature of the Stone of Destiny (see below) suggests that these stories are not mutually exclusive. ("Rock & Roll")
A few centuries later, Cu Chullain angrily split the Lia Fáil in half after it refused to acknowledge his friend, Lugaid Red-Stripe, as King of Ireland. Around the year 500, the Irish prince Fergus took one half of the Stone with him to Scotland to found the kingdom of Dalriada, but during his journey, was brought to Castle Carbonek, where he met Merlin and King Pelles. They persuaded him to lend them the Stone, which they took to Londontown; there, the young Arthur Pendragon drew Excalibur from it and was crowned High King of Britain. ("Rock & Roll")
After Arthur's coronation, Merlin and Pelles returned the Stone to Iona; St. Columba died there resting his head upon the Stone. In 843, Kenneth mac Alpin was crowned upon the Stone at Scone as the first King of Scotland; thereafter, the Stone was used for the coronation of every new king of Scotland (including Indulf, Kenneth II, Constantine III, and Macbeth) until 1296, it was captured by King Edward I of England (1272-1307) in his invasion of Scotland, and removed to Westminster Abbey in London, where it was placed underneath the Coronation Chair. After the Battle of Bannockburn, Robert the Bruce gave a piece of it to his Irish ally, Cormac Maccarthy, who took it back home with him; it became the Blarney Stone. In 1950, on Christmas Day, a group of Scottish patriots, including Macbeth, stole the Stone from Westminster Abbey, but inadvertently broke it in half in the process. They took it to Arbroath Abbey, where Macbeth tried mending it, only to be told by the Stone that while it appreciated his care about the damage, the overall act of seizure was pointless. Soon afterwards, the Stone was returned to Westminster Abbey. ("Avalon" Part One, "The Rock", "Rock & Roll", "The Reach", "The Oath")
When King Arthur came to London in early 1996, following his awakening upon Avalon, he and Griff encountered the Stone of Destiny at Westminster Abbey. The Stone spoke, telling Arthur that he must prove himself once more worthy of Excalibur, and sent him and Griff to New York City for that task. ("Pendragon")
Later that year, in November, the Stone was officially returned to Scotland. The Illuminati instructed Xanatos to steal the Stone for them; Xanatos recruited Coldsteel to assist him, teaming him up with Coyote 5.0, a Steel Clan robot, and an Iron Clan robot. Macbeth and King Arthur sought to foil Xanatos, with the aid of Hudson, Lexington, Griff, Constance, Staghart, Coldstone, and Coldfire. While they defeated Xanatos's agents, Xanatos stole the Stone at Coldstream Bridge, substituting a duplicate stone. He then turned it over to Blanchefleur, who took it to Castle Carbonek to present to Peredur. There, however, the Stone spoke to Peredur, telling him that the stone was just a mouthpiece for its true nature, the Spirit of Destiny, a force too powerful for any mortal to possess or command. It also informed Peredur and Blanchefleur of Arthur's awakening on Avalon. After Peredur left to inform the upper echelon members of this unexpected development, the Stone and the Holy Grail exchanged greetings. ("The Rock", "Rock & Roll", "Rock of Ages")
Real World Background
The Stone of Destiny, more commonly known as the Stone of Scone, is a real object. Legend claims that it originally came from Ireland, where it was known as the Lia Fáil and kept at Tara, the traditional stronghold of the Irish High Kings. It would scream aloud whenever the rightful High King of Ireland stepped upon it. Some legends state that it was first discovered by the legendary King Conn of the Hundred Battles, or that it was brought by the Tuatha Danaan (the Irish faerie-folk) from the city of Falias (one of the four cities that they originally dwelt in before coming to Ireland); others, influenced by Christianity, make it Jacob's pillow-stone at Bethel – as per the account given in "The Rock" – brought to Ireland either by Scota or by an eastern princess named Tea in 585 B.C. (both versions alluded to in the comics).
The Stone of Destiny was removed from Ireland, according to legend, in the early 6th century, when it was loaned to the rulers of Dalriada, a kingdom established by Irish settlers in what is now Argyll, Scotland, who never returned it. They kept it at Iona, their sacred center, until 843, when Kenneth mac Alpin, then King of the Scots of Dalriada, seized control of Scotland from the Picts and became the first King of Scotland. Kenneth then moved the Stone to Scone, where it remained until King Edward I took it to England in 1296. It remained in Westminster Abbey (except for the 1950 theft) until 1996, when it was returned to Scotland and kept with the Scottish Crown Jewels in Edinburgh Castle.
The Stone will return to Westminster Abbey for the coronation of Charles III, after which there are plans for it to be relocated to Perth by 2024, according to Scotland's First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon. [1][2]
The Stone of Scone was indeed part of the coronation ritual of the Kings of Scotland, as per the series.
The Stone of Destiny's identification with the very stone that King Arthur pulled his sword from is an invention of the series, although many Arthurian scholars believe that the two stones might be thematically linked. This is the only part of the Stone's legendary history narrated by Shahrizad in the comic book which was Greg Weisman's invention.
In its grand speech at the end of "Rock of Ages", the Stone listed its various aliases. Many of these were actual names applied to the Stone over the centuries, but there are a few exceptions. Among these:
- The Stone of Mora, upon which the kings of Sweden were crowned until the 15th century.
- The Philosopher's Stone, a legendary stone sought by alchemists which could transform lead into gold (and which has received fresh publicity in recent years by being a major part of J. K. Rowling's first Harry Potter novel – in the U.K. editions, since the U.S. editions call it the "Sorcerer's Stone").
- The Burden of Sisyphus. In Greek mythology, Sisyphus was a cunning king who repeatedly found various ways of cheating death (at one point, tricking the death-god Thanatos into being chained up by him, resulting in a world in which no one could die – like the Emir's imprisoning Anubis in "Grief" – until Ares, the god of war, exasperated with how ridiculous battles had become when nobody could be slain in them, set Thanatos free). When he finally died for good, Hades, the god of the underworld, condemned him to push a mighty boulder up a hill for eternity; whenever Sisyphus almost reached the top of the hill, the boulder would slip from his hands and roll down to the foot of the hill, forcing him to start all over again – thus keeping him too busy to come up with any more schemes for escape.
- The Pillars of Hercules. In classical times, this was the name given to the Straits of Gibraltar; according to legend, Hercules (or Heracles) had once raised two pillars here when he passed by during one of his labors.
- The Rock of Gibraltar, which stands at the southernmost tip of Spain, overlooking the Straits of Gibraltar. Its name stems from "Jabal al-Tarik", or the Rock of Tariq, after Tariq ibn Zayid, the leader of the Moors who conquered Spain in 711. The British captured Gibraltar from the Spanish in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession, and have held onto it ever since, despite Spain's attempts to recover it.
- The Rosetta Stone. This stone, covered with three different inscriptions honoring Ptolemy V of Egypt, all written in 196 B.C., was discovered by one of Napoleon's soldiers in Egypt in 1799. Later it was captured by the British, and carried off to Britain, where it was placed in the British Museum (it is still there). The French archaeologist Jean-Francois Champollion used the inscriptions on the Rosetta Stone to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics.
The complete list in order includes:
- The Spirit of Destiny
- The Fatal Stone
- The Lia Fáil
- The Stone of Bethel
- The Stone of Jerusalem
- The Stone of Egypt
- The Stone of Samothrace
- The Stone of Portugal
- The Stone at Tara
- The Stone of Mora
- The Stone at Iona
- The Stone of Scone
- The Stone in London
- The Stone in Edinburgh
- The Blarney Stone
- The Coronation Stone
- The Hero Stone
- The Pillar Stone
- The Stone of the Sword
- The Stone of the Waters
- Clach-na-cinneamhain
- The Tanist Stone
- The Philosopher's Stone
- The Standing Stone
- The Cornerstone
- The Foundation Stone
- The Megalith Dance
- The Burden of Sisyphus
- The Rock of Gibraltar
- The Pillars of Hercules
- Uluru
- Clach sgàin
- Jacob's Pillow
- The Rosetta Stone
- The Rune Stone
- Sire of the Wyrd
- The Mantle of Fate
- The Stone of Destiny
- The Rock of Ages
Production Background
Voice Actor: Frank Welker
See Also
- Stone of Destiny at Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
